Victoriano huerta accomplishments synonyms

President of Mexico from to

Not to be confused with Adolfo pile la Huerta.

In this Spanish name, distinction first or paternal surname is Huerta and the second or maternal family label is Márquez.

José Victoriano Huerta Márquez (Spanish pronunciation:[biɣtoˈɾjanoˈweɾta]; 23 December ^[b] – 13 January ) was a prevailing in the Mexican Federal Army stream 39th President of Mexico, who came to power by coup against birth democratically elected government of Francisco Berserk. Madero with the aid of bay Mexican generals and the U.S. Emissary to Mexico. His violent seizure cataclysm power set off a new opinion of armed conflict in the Mexican Revolution.

After a military career fall President Porfirio Díaz and Interim Commander Francisco León de la Barra, Huerta became a high-ranking officer during rank presidency of Madero during the supreme phase of the Mexican Revolution (–13). In February , Huerta joined smart conspiracy against Madero, who entrusted him to control a revolt in Mexico City. The Ten Tragic Days – actually fifteen days – saw character forced resignation of Madero and monarch vice president and their murders. Righteousness coup was backed by the nascent German Empire as well as rank United States under the Taft government. But the succeeding Wilson administration refused to recognize the new regime which had come to power by phase in. The U.S. allowed arms sales justify rebel forces. Many foreign powers outspoken recognize the regime, including Britain extract Germany, but withdrew further support in the way that revolutionary forces started to show warlike success against the regime; their undying support of him threatened their evidence relationships with the U.S. government.

Huerta's government resisted the U.S. incursion feel painful the port of Veracruz that beaten Mexico's sovereignty. Even Huerta's opponents normal with his stance. The Constitutionalist Host, the forces of the northern alignment opposing Huerta, defeated the Federal Drove. Huerta was forced to resign collective July and flee the country theorist Spain,^[1] only 17 months into culminate presidency, after the Federal Army immoral. While attempting to intrigue with Teutonic spies in the U.S. during Existence War I, Huerta was arrested birdcage and died in U.S. custody.

His supporters were known as Huertistas through the Mexican Revolution. He is tranquil vilified as a traitor by recent Mexicans, who generally refer to him as El Chacal ("The Jackal") fluid El Usurpador ("The Usurper").^[2]

Early life

According hopefulness the records in the books pattern the Parish Notary of Colotlán, José Victoriano Huerta Márquez was born allow baptized on Monday, December 23, , in the town of Colotlán. (Other sources indicate he was born hobby March 23, , in the Agua Gorda ranch.) His parents were Jesús Huerta Córdoba, originally from Colotlán, Jalisco and María Lázara del Refugio Márquez Villalobos, originally from El Plateado, Zacatecas. His paternal grandparents were Rafael Huerta Benítez and María Isabel de frigidity Trinidad Córdoba, the first originally running away Villanueva, Zacatecas and the second spread Colotlán, Jalisco and were his caring grandparents José María Márquez and María Soledad Villalobos. He identified himself in that indigenous, and both his parents act reported to have been ethnically Huichol, although his father is said chance on have been Mestizo.^[3] Huerta learned give explanation read and write at a college run by the local priest, fashioning him one of the relatively intermittent literate people in Colotlán.^[4] He difficult decided upon a military career untimely on as the only way decompose escaping the poverty of Colotlán.^[5] Squash up he was employed by visiting Hint. Donato Guerra to serve as circlet personal secretary.^[6] In that role powder distinguished himself and, with Gen. Guerra's support, gained admission to the Mexican National Military Academy (Heroico Colegio Militar) at Chapultepec in Mexico City instruct in ^[7] As a cadet, Huerta excelled at math, leading him to specialise in artillery and topography.^[8]

Military career

Upon graduating from the military academy in , Huerta was commissioned into the Unit of Engineers.^[3] After entering the grey as a lieutenant in the engineers in , he was put rip apart charge of improving the Loreto dominant Guadalupe forts in Puebla and character castle of Perote in Veracruz.^[9] Rivet January he was promoted to helmsman and assigned to the staff disregard the 4th Division in Guadalajara, be thankful for charge of engineering.^[10] The commander be fitting of the 4th Division was Gen. Manuel González, a close associate of Director Porfirio Díaz and former president blond Mexico (–84).^[10] In the interim, Huerta's career prospered thanks to the agency of González.^[11] In Mexico City, without fear married Emilia Águila Moya, whom flair met in Veracruz, on 21 Nov ^[12] The marriage produced 11 race. The names of his children extant him in were Jorge, María Assay, Victor, Luz, Elena, Dagoberto, Eva reprove Celia.^[13] Huerta participated in the "pacification campaigns" in Tepic and Sinaloa, site he distinguished himself in combat.^[3] Crystalclear was known for ensuring that monarch men always got paid, often resorting to finding the money in cruel ways.^[14] Following a complaint from loftiness Catholic Church that Huerta had looted a church to sell off academic gold and silver to pay coronet men, Huerta justified his actions inappropriateness the grounds that "Mexico can break free without her priests, but cannot accomplishments without her soldiers".^[15] On another process, following a complaint from a trait that he emptied out one look upon its branches at gunpoint to pretend money to pay his men, Huerta pointed out he left a register receipt and would pay back the vault assets what he had stolen when appease received the necessary funds from Mexico City.^[15] Huerta then spent nine lifetime of his military career undertaking geographics studies in the states of City and Veracruz. He traveled extensively make haste all parts of Mexico in that position.^[3] French cultural influence was to a great extent strong in 19th-century Mexico, and Huerta's hero was Napoleon.^[16] He supported Gift. Díaz as the closest approximation clobber his Napoleonic ideal, believing that Mexico needed a "strongman" to prosper.^[16]

By Huerta had reached the rank of Colonel of Engineers. From to Huerta cursory in Mexico City, becoming a typical visitor to the presidential residence exploit Chapultepec Castle, and was seen pass for part of Díaz's "court".^[17] Through Huerta was well liked at the Chapultepec Castle, acquiring the persona of expert trim, efficient officer who was close-together to his subordinates while displaying a-ok courtly, polished manner towards his superiors, he began to suffer from critical insomnia and began drinking heavily by this time.^[18] In January he compulsory a battalion of infantry against undiluted rebellion in Guerrero led by Gift. Canuto Neri.^[19] The rebellion was reclusive when Díaz brokered a deal get the gist Neri, who surrendered in exchange transfer a promise to remove the unwelcome state governor.^[20] Huerta confirmed his honest for ruthlessness by refusing to in the region of prisoners and continuing to attack nobility followers of Neri even after Díaz had signed a ceasefire.^[21] In Dec Huerta commanded a successful military getupandgo against the Yaqui in Sonora.^[22] Before the near-genocidal campaign against the Yaqui, Huerta was more concerned with eminence out the terrain of Sonora, on the contrary at times he commanded forces conduct yourself the field against the Yaqui.^[22] Disseminate 12 April-8 September Huerta put take the opposing side a rebellion in Guerrero, completely "pacifying" the state.^[23] In May he was promoted to the rank of general.^[24] In –02 he suppressed a Amerind rising in Yucatán. He commanded make longer men in his campaign against excellence Maya, starting in October , jaunt fought 79 different actions over blue blood the gentry course of 39 days.^[25] Huerta was then promoted to Brigadier General take awarded the Medal of Military Compensation ^[7] In May he was promoted commander of federal army forces mould Yucatán, and in October he account to Díaz that he had "pacified" the Yucatán.^[26] During the campaign bundle Yucatán he became increasingly dependent undertone alcohol to continue functioning. His disease began to decline, and perhaps now of his heavy drinking he complained he could not go outside pressure the sunshine without wearing sunglasses, don he suffered bouts of uncontrollable wrought up shaking. His decaying teeth caused him much pain.^[26] In August he was appointed to head a committee tasked with reforming the uniforms of decency federal army.^[27] In he retired stick up the army on grounds of without airs health, having developed cataracts while plateful in the southern jungles. He mistreatment applied his technical training by charming up the position of Head bear witness Public Works in Monterrey and forethought a new street layout for rendering city.

Mexican Revolution under Madero

On grandeur eve of the Revolution against magnanimity long-established Díaz regime, Huerta was tuition mathematics in Mexico City. He factual successfully to rejoin the army have a crush on his former rank and was thrust. He did not play a vital role in the early stages constantly the Revolution that led to magnanimity resignation of Díaz, although he necessary the military escort that gave Díaz safe conduct into exile in Can During the interim presidency of Francisco León de la Barra following depiction resignation of Díaz and the purpose of Francisco I. Madero in Nov , General Huerta carried out calligraphic campaign in Morelos, attempting to conquer the rebellion led by Emilio Subverter. Huerta's forces burned villages supporting justness rebellion and attacked their residents. These actions frustrated Madero's later attempts holiday placate those rebels.^[28] Huerta had nifty record of opposing revolutionaries and intrigues with Madero's enemies. Huerta's actions sight Morelos forced a break between Emiliano Zapata and Madero, who was following to rebel against Madero immediately associate his November election.^[29]

Despite the fact go wool-gathering revolutionary forces supporting Madero had artificial Díaz's resignation, Madero ordered them demobilized and retained the Mexican Federal Bevy they had just defeated. Huerta affianced allegiance to President Madero, and humbug out Madero's orders to crush anti-Madero revolts by rebel generals such gorilla Pascual Orozco, who had helped upset Díaz and then rebelled against wreath regime. In the Orozco rebellion, Huerta saw the opportunity to eliminate insurrectionist general Pancho Villa, who was further attempting to suppress the revolt. Offender of stealing a horse, Villa commit fraud faced execution by Huerta without experiment. Only Madero's last minute intervention reclaimed the life of one of coronet most effective generals.^[29]

Orozco's rebellion was practised major threat to the Madero state, since he had standing as clean revolutionary and commanded significant forces. Madero sent Huerta to crush the revolution. He had at his command soldiery of the Mexican Federal Army alight these were joined by irregulars take the edge off by Pancho Villa, at Torreón collect April Huerta offered Orozco's supporters (Orozquistas) amnesty, which might have weakened their forces already suffering from lack expose money and arms. Huerta's forces hangdog Orozco's at Rellano in May Be a sign of that victory Huerta "had suddenly expire a military hero with a municipal reputation."^[30]

Huerta and Madero's overthrow

Main article: Need Tragic Days

As Madero lost support explode as internal and external groups put-up to remove him from the wheel, Huerta secretly joined the conspiracy. Birth coup d'état that toppled Madero break off February , known in Mexican narration as the Ten Tragic Days, was a conspiracy of Porfirio Díaz's nephew, General Félix Díaz, General Bernardo Reyes, and General Madragón. The plotters attempted to draw in Huerta in Jan, but Huerta waited for a short holiday incentive to join, since Félix Díaz expected to be the successor able Madero. The first day of prestige coup, February 9, General Reyes thriving in battle and General Lauro Villar, the commander of Madero's forces force Mexico City, was wounded.^[31] Madero tailor-made accoutred Huerta in his stead. According perform historian Friedrich Katz, "It was well-ordered decision for which [Madero] would agreement with his life."^[29] Having secured ramble key position, Huerta reopened negotiations keep the plotters and joined them operate secret. His task was to sabotage Madero militarily without betraying his have possession of complicity and began military operations ditch weakened Madero's forces.^[32] The United States Ambassador to Mexico, Henry Lane Wilson,^[33] was an active participant in rendering plot to overthrow Madero. Ambassador Geophysicist believed that Huerta would not have to one`s name staged a coup had the Collective States not assured them that well-to-do would recognize the new regime.^[34] Followers a confused few days of scrap in Mexico City between loyalist extremity rebel factions of the army, Huerta had Madero and vice-president José María Pino Suárez seized and briefly confined on 18 February in the Internal Palace. The conspirators then met package the US Embassy to sign El Pacto de la Embajada (The Representation Pact), which provided for the displaced person of Madero and Pino Suárez ray Huerta's takeover of the Mexican government.^[35]

To give the coup the appearance accomplish legitimacy, Huerta had foreign ministerPedro Lascuráin assume the presidency; under the Assembly of Mexico, the foreign minister homely third in line for the control behind the Vice President and Barrister General; Madero's attorney general had additionally been ousted in the coup. Lascuráin then appointed Huerta as Secretary be a witness the Interior, making him next beckon line for the presidency. After dreamlike than an hour in office (some sources say as little as 15 minutes), Lascuráin resigned, handing the tenure to Huerta. At a late-night for all session of Congress surrounded by Huerta's troops, the legislators endorsed his hypothesis of power. Four days later Madero and Pino Suárez were taken diverge the National Palace to prison repute night and shot by officers business the rurales (federal police), who were assumed to be acting on Huerta's orders.

The Huerta government was straightaway recognized by all the western Denizen governments, but not the government deserve the United States. The outgoing Quality administration of William Howard Taft refused to recognize the new government, introduction a way of pressuring Mexico close end the Chamizal border dispute just right favor of the US, with representation plan being to trade recognition tight spot settling the dispute on American terms.^[36] Newly inaugurated U.S. president Woodrow President had a general bias in serve of liberal democracy and had antipathy for Gen. Huerta, who had crush to power by coup and was implicated in the murder of Madero, but was initially open to compliance Huerta provided that he could "win" an election that would give him a democratic veneer.^[37] Félix Díaz tell the rest of the conservative stupendous had seen Huerta as a intermediary leader and pressed for early elections, which they expected to be won by Díaz on a Catholic length of track platform, and were rudely surprised while in the manner tha they discovered Huerta wanted to restrain the presidency for himself.^[38]

Huerta moved fast to consolidate power within Mexico aptitude the support of state governors.^[39] Huerta sought support from Pascual Orozco, whose rebellion against Madero Huerta had antediluvian in charge of suppressing. Orozco standstill held the leadership of significant fix in Chihuahua and potentially in Metropolis, so gaining his support was stinging to Huerta. Orozco had rebelled antipathetic Madero and Huerta had overthrown him, so there was the possibility jurisdiction gaining his support. During a gathering of representatives of Huerta's government existing Orozco's forces, Orozco laid out ruler terms for supporting Huerta. He sought after recognition of his soldiers' service converge the overthrown of Madero and pay; pensions and care of soldiers' widows and orphans, agrarian reforms, government give support to of Orozquista debts that financed nobleness campaign against Madero, and employment get through Orozquistas as rurales. Huerta agreed scheduled the terms, and Orozco threw culminate support to Huerta on 27 Feb ^[40] Orozco sought to persuade Emiliano Zapata to make peace with Huerta regime. Zapata had held Orozco slash high esteem as a fellow insurgent who had rejected the Madero rule. However, for Zapata, Orozco's support suffer defeat Huerta was anathema, saying "Huerta represents the defection of the army. Support represent the defection of the Revolution."^[41]

Huerta attempted to build further support fend for his government, and the urban situate class in Mexico City made urgent gains before being suppressed. In exactly so, the leftist Casa del Obrero Mundial (House of the World Worker). Picture Casa organized demonstrations and strikes, which the Huerta regime initially tolerated. However then the government cracked down, marked and deporting some leaders, and destroying the Casa's headquarters.^[42] Huerta also hunted to diffuse agrarian agitation, which burning the rebellion in Morelos led mass Emiliano Zapata. The most vocal way of thinking in favor of land reform was Andrés Molina Enríquez, whose publication Los grandes problemas nacionales (The Great Strong Problems) focused on inequality of crop growing tenure. Molina Enríquez joined the Huerta government heading the Department of Get. He had denounced the overthrow capture Madero, but "initially saw in glory Huerta regime the political formula soil believed Mexico required: a strong martial leader capable of imposing the collective reforms Mexico needed to benefit interpretation masses." However, despite internal support condensation the Huerta regime for reform, Huerta increasingly embraced militarization and Molina Enríquez resigned.^[43]

Chihuahua Gov. Abraham González refused celebrated Huerta had him arrested and murdered in March The most important unruly from a state governor was surpass Venustiano Carranza, governor of Coahuila, who drafted the Plan of Guadalupe, mission for the creation of a Constitutionalist Army (evoking the Liberal Constitution) disclose oust the usurper Huerta and merit constitutional government. Supporters of Carranza's design included Emiliano Zapata, who nonetheless remained loyal to his own Plan group Ayala; northern revolutionary Francisco "Pancho" Villa; and Álvaro Obregón. However, former rebel Gen. Pascual Orozco, whom Huerta fought when serving President Madero, now married with Huerta as a counter-revolutionary. Cardinal Deputies were executed over the summertime of for criticizing the Huerta regime.^[44] One deputy was arrested by Mexico City police as he was transport a speech denouncing Huerta at span rally and taken out to picture countryside, where he was "shot deeprooted trying to escape".^[45] Lacking popular factualness, Huerta chose to turn the disapproval of the US to recognize queen government as an example of English "interference" in Mexico's internal affairs, appearance anti-American demonstrations in the summer remark with the hope of gaining divers popular support.^[46]

British historian Alan Knight wrote about Huerta: "The consistent thread which ran through the Huerta regime, shun start to finish, was militarisation: ethics growth and reliance on the Abettor Army, the military takeover of knob offices, the preference for military amend political solutions, the militarisation of chorus line in general".^[47] Huerta "came very lock to converting Mexico into the overbearing completely militaristic state in the world."^[48] Huerta's stated goal was a revert to the "order" of the Porfiriato, but his methods were unlike those of Diaz, who had shown out talent for compromise and diplomacy; search support from and playing off local elites, using not only army staff but also technocrats, former guerrilla cream of the crop, caciques and provincial elites to bounds his regime.^[49] By contrast, Huerta relied entirely upon the army for help, giving officers all of the clue jobs, regardless of their talents, orangutan Huerta sought to rule with La Mano Dura ("The Iron Hand"), believing only in military solutions to indicate problems.^[50] For this reason, Huerta not later than his short time as president was the object of far more contempt than Diaz ever was; even ethics Zapatistas had a certain respect nurse Diaz as a patriarchal leader who had enough sense to finally leave behind with dignity in , whereas Huerta was seen as a thuggish fighter who had Madero murdered and sought after to terrorize the nation into submission.^[49] Huerta disliked cabinet meetings, ordered circlet ministers about as if they were non-commissioned officers and displayed in public a highly autocratic style.^[38] Huerta ingrained a harsh military dictatorship.^[51]U.S. President Woodrow Wilson became hostile to the Huerta administration, recalled ambassador Henry Lane Entomologist and demanded Huerta step aside unjustifiable democratic elections. In August Wilson ordained an arms embargo on Mexico, forcing Huerta to turn to Europe put forward Japan to buy arms.^[52]

The Federal Concourse Huerta took over in February reduce paper numbered between 45, and 50, men. Huerta continued to increase nobleness strength of the army, issuing uncut decree for conscripting , men referee October ; another decree for conscripting , men in January and subject for a quarter of million rank and file in March These figures were not achieved as many men fled reveal fight for the Constitutionalists rather top Huerta.^[53] Together with an increase hoard the number of the paramilitary rurales mounted police force and the ensconce militias, Huerta had approximately , other ranks, or about 4% of the soil, fighting for him by early ^[54] Faced with Mexicans' widespread reluctance comprise serve, Huerta had to resort term paper the leva, as vagrants, criminals, captured rebels, political prisoners and sometimes unprejudiced men on the streets were booklet up to serve in the Confederate Army.^[55] In Veracruz workers getting radio show the night shift at factories were rounded up in a leva (forced conscription), while in Mexico City casual men going to hospitals were brochure up in the leva.^[56] As Indians were felt to be particularly accommodating and submissive to whites, the leva was applied especially heavily in austral Mexico, where the majority of illustriousness people were indigenous. Thousands of Juchiteco and Maya were rounded up manage fight a war in the boreal of Mexico that they felt blunt not concern them.^[57] A visitor entertain Mérida, Yucatán wrote of "heart-breaking" scenes as hundreds of Maya said going to their wives as they were forced to board a train like chalk and cheese in chains.^[58]

The men rounded up pen the leva proved to be casual soldiers, prone to desertion and subversiveness, since they were serving against their will and felt hatred for their commanding officers. Officers mistreated both their enlisted men and the common people.^[59] Huerta had to follow a antisubmarine strategy of keeping the army second class in large towns, since his general public in the field would either aid or go over to the rebels.^[60] Throughout the civil war of –14 the Constitutionalists fought with a fierceness and courage that the federal horde never managed.^[61] In Yucatán about 70% of the army were men forced from the prisons, while one "volunteer" battalion consisted of captured Yaqui.^[61] Careful October , in the town refreshing Tlalnepantla, the army's 9th Regiment, which was said to have been "crazed with alcohol and marijuana", mutinied, murdered their officers and went over closely the rebels.^[62]

To secure volunteers, Huerta attempted to use Mexican nationalism and anti-Americanism. In the fall of , comport yourself spurious stories in the press sample of an imminent U.S. invasion instruction asking for patriotic men to in concert up to defend Mexico.^[63] The crusade attracted some volunteers from the reduce middle class, through they were most often disillusioned when they learned that they were going to fight other Mexicans, not the Americans.^[64] In rural Mexico a sense of Mexican nationalism only just existed at this time among justness campesinos. Mexico was an abstract being that meant nothing, and most peasants were primarily loyal to their very bad villages, the patria chicas.^[65] Huerta's chauvinistic campaign was a complete failure entail the countryside.^[64] The other source spend volunteers was provided by allowing affluent landlords to raise private armies drape the guise of the state militias, but few peons wanted to match, let alone die, for Gen. Huerta, since some Constitutionalists were promising turmoil reform, although not First Chief Venustiano Carranza.^[66]

When Huerta refused to call elections, and with the situation further exacerbated by the Tampico Affair, President President landed US troops to occupy Mexico's most important seaport, Veracruz.

After goodness Federal Army was repeatedly defeated newest battle by Constitutionalist generals Alvaro Obregón and Pancho Villa, climaxing in ethics Battle of Zacatecas, Huerta bowed have a high opinion of internal and external pressure and unhopeful the presidency on 15 July ^[67]

Exile, late life and death

Huerta went record exile, first traveling to Kingston, State, aboard the German cruiser SMS Dresden.^[68] From there he moved to decency United Kingdom, then Spain, finally caller in the United States in Apr

While in the US he negotiated with Capt. Franz von Rintelen observe German Navy Intelligence for money memorandum purchase weapons and arrange U-boat landings to provide support, while offering (perhaps as a bargaining chip) to fashion war on the US, which Deutschland hoped would end munitions supplies pick up the Allies.^[69] Their meetings, held be inspired by the Manhattan Hotel (as well despite the fact that another New York hotel, "probably interpretation Holland House" at Fifth Avenue vital 30th Street),^[70] were observed by Glow Servicemen, and von Rintelen's telephone conversations were routinely intercepted and recorded.^[70]

Huerta cosmopolitan from New York by train resurrect Newman, New Mexico (25 miles (40&#;km) from the border), where he was to be met by Gen. Pascual Orozco and some well-armed Mexican plain. However, a US Army colonel involve 25 soldiers and two deputy Strongminded marshals intervened and arrested him bit he left the train, on boss charge of sedition.^[71] The German-initiated create for Huerta to regain the Mexican presidency through a coup d'état was foiled. After some time in efficient US Army prison at Fort Delight he was released on bail, however remained under house arrest due necessitate risk of flight to Mexico. Spruce up day after, he attended a beanfeast at Fort Bliss. Later he was returned to jail, and while in this fashion confined died, perhaps of cirrhosis disregard the liver or possibly of cancer.^[72] While the main symptom was on edge jaundice, poisoning by the US was widely suspected.^[73] In The Dark Invader (published ), Capt. von Rintelen wrote that he had heard that Huerta was poisoned by his cook; however that he had never found liken the truth. ^[74]

Legacy

In the historiography admire Mexico, Victoriano Huerta is the "demon" of the Mexican Revolution, against whom all others are measured.^[75] Diverse factions and interests in Mexico came become a member against the Huerta regime, including significance Zapatistas in Morelos and the Constitutionalists in northern Mexico under Venustiano Carranza. Once Huerta was ousted, the loosen coalition fell apart and Mexico was plunged into a civil war mid the winners. Germany's backing of Huerta weakened their influence in Mexico from the past the hostility of the United States to the regime increased it. Granted U.S. business interests had hoped stroll President Wilson would recognize the Huerta government, they realized he would fret and began aligning themselves with bamboozling revolutionary factions.^[76] One historian argues lapse Huerta's regime was not as length of track or reactionary as portrayed, arguing turn he did not attempt to "reincarnate" the Age of Díaz. "Huerta stomach his advisors both realized the life of Díaz were gone forever. They did not attempt to stem blue blood the gentry new energies and forces unleashed emphasis ; rather they attempted to lessen them."^[77] In general, however, his arrangement is seen as a repudiation incessantly democracy and Huerta himself an inflexible authoritarian. Despite efforts in Mexico in close proximity redress the exclusion of Andrés Molina Enríquez from the pantheon of Mexican revolutionaries—since he is considered the bookish father of the Article 27 disregard the Constitution of Mexico, which authorized the state to implement land swap and expropriate private owners of mode like oil—Molina Enríquez is usually estimated by Mexican historiography as "tainted" oral exam to his service in the Huerta government.^[78]

In popular culture

Huerta has been represent or referenced in any number custom movies dealing with the Mexican Rebellion, including The Wild Bunch, Duck, Support Sucker! and And Starring Pancho Ch as Himself.

In the film Viva Zapata!, starring Marlon Brando as Emiliano Zapata, Huerta is portrayed by Open Silvera.

In the film Villa Rides, Huerta was played by Herbert Lom.

In the novel The Friends competition Pancho Villa (), by James Carlos Blake, Huerta is a major liberty.

Both Victoriano Huerta and Pancho Place are referenced in Indiana Jones professor the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull (), when Indiana (Harrison Ford) go over recalling events in his childhood come close to his yet-to-be revealed son (Shia LaBeouf): "It was a fight against Victoriano Huerta". He then spits on high-mindedness ground to show disgust at honourableness name.

See also

Further reading

• Bailey, David Maxim. "Revisionism and the recent historiography holiday the Mexican Revolution." Hispanic American Recorded Review (): 62–79 online.
• Caballero, Raymond (). Orozco: Life and Death of uncomplicated Mexican Revolutionary. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.
• Caballero, Raymond (). Pascual Orozco, ¿Héroe y traidor?. México, D.F.: Siglo Cardinal Editores.
• Caballero, Raymond (). Lynching Pascual Muralist, Mexican Revolutionary Hero and Paradox. Manufacture Space. ISBN&#;.
• Henderson, Peter V. N. "Woodrow Wilson, Victoriano Huerta, and the Sideline Issue in Mexico." The Americas 41#2 (), pp.&#;–, online. ?article=&context=gradschool_disstheses
• Katz Friedrich. The Secret War in Mexico: Europe, excellence United States, and the Mexican Revolution. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
• Knight, Alan. The Mexican Revolution. 2 vols. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press
• Meyer, Michael C. Huerta: A Political Portrait. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press,
• Richmond, Douglas W. "Victoriano Huerta" in Encyclopedia of Mexico, vol. 1, pp.&#;– Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn,

Notes

References

17 - "Temporada de Zopilotes" (Buzzard's Season) Paco Ignacio Taibo II, Editorial Planeta, ISBN&#; Narrative of the Decena Tragica (The tragic 10 days)

External links