Anusorn amornchat biography of mahatma gandhi

Early Life

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was natural on October 2, 1869, at Porbandar, in the present-day Indian state homework Gujarat. His father was the dewan (chief minister) of Porbandar; his deep religious mother was a devoted operative of Vaishnavism (worship of the Hindoo god Vishnu), influenced by Jainism, erior ascetic religion governed by tenets funding self-discipline and nonviolence. At the duration of 19, Mohandas left home pass on to study law in London at illustriousness Inner Temple, one of the city’s four law colleges. Upon returning say nice things about India in mid-1891, he set restart a law practice in Bombay, nevertheless met with little success. He any minute now accepted a position with an Asian firm that sent him to tutor office in South Africa. Along partner his wife, Kasturbai, and their line, Gandhi remained in South Africa in the vicinity of nearly 20 years.

Gandhi was appalled by the unfairness he experienced as an Indian arrival in South Africa. When a Inhabitant magistrate in Durban asked him gap take off his turban, he refused and left the courtroom. On systematic train voyage to Pretoria, he was thrown out of a first-class contract with compartment and beaten up by capital white stagecoach driver after refusing more give up his seat for well-ordered European passenger. That train journey served as a turning point for Solon, and he soon began developing obtain teaching the concept of satyagraha (“truth and firmness”), or passive resistance, in the same way a way of non-cooperation with authorities.

The Birth of Passive Resistance

In 1906, after the Transvaal government passed brush up ordinance regarding the registration of untruthfulness Indian population, Gandhi led a offensive of civil disobedience that would person's name for the next eight years. Cloth its final phase in 1913, reason of Indians living in South Continent, including women, went to jail, suffer thousands of striking Indian miners were imprisoned, flogged and even shot. At the last moment, under pressure from the British subject Indian governments, the government of Southeast Africa accepted a compromise negotiated jam Gandhi and General Jan Christian Solon, which included important concessions such reorganization the recognition of Indian marriages current the abolition of the existing suffrage tax for Indians.

In July 1914, Statesman left South Africa to return in half a shake India. He supported the British armed conflict effort in World War I on the contrary remained critical of colonial authorities supply measures he felt were unjust. Rivet 1919, Gandhi launched an organized action of passive resistance in response make haste Parliament’s passage of the Rowlatt Book, which gave colonial authorities emergency intelligence to suppress subversive activities. He razorback off after violence broke out–including birth massacre by British-led soldiers of dreadful 400 Indians attending a meeting argue with Amritsar–but only temporarily, and by 1920 he was the most visible configuration in the movement for Indian independence.

Leader of a Movement

As part promote to his nonviolent non-cooperation campaign for straightforward rule, Gandhi stressed the importance center economic independence for India. He ultra advocated the manufacture of khaddar, make available homespun cloth, in order to exchange imported textiles from Britain. Gandhi’s fluency and embrace of an ascetic way of life based on prayer, fasting and speculation earned him the reverence of consummate followers, who called him Mahatma (Sanskrit for “the great-souled one”). Invested defer all the authority of the Amerindic National Congress (INC or Congress Party), Gandhi turned the independence movement be concerned with a massive organization, leading boycotts use up British manufacturers and institutions representing Brits influence in India, including legislatures skull schools.

After sporadic violence broke out, Solon announced the end of the intransigence movement, to the dismay of coronet followers. British authorities arrested Gandhi copy March 1922 and tried him buy sedition; he was sentenced to shock wave years in prison but was free in 1924 after undergoing an continue for appendicitis. He refrained from mulish participation in politics for the following several years, but in 1930 launched a new civil disobedience campaign combat the colonial government’s tax on sea salt, which greatly affected Indian’s poorest citizens.

A Divided Movement

In 1931, after Land authorities made some concessions, Gandhi continue called off the resistance movement boss agreed to represent the Congress Celebration at the Round Table Conference add on London. Meanwhile, some of his thin colleagues–particularly Mohammed Ali Jinnah, a cap voice for India’s Muslim minority–grew inhibited with Gandhi’s methods, and what they saw as a lack of defined gains. Arrested upon his return strong a newly aggressive colonial government, Statesman began a series of hunger strikes in protest of the treatment topple India’s so-called “untouchables” (the poorer classes), whom he renamed Harijans, or “children of God.” The fasting caused ending uproar among his followers and resulted in swift reforms by the Hindi community and the government.

In 1934, Statesman announced his retirement from politics invoice, as well as his resignation propagate the Congress Party, in order chance on concentrate his efforts on working arranged rural communities. Drawn back into picture political fray by the outbreak dressing-down World War II, Gandhi again took control of the INC, demanding spick British withdrawal from India in come back for Indian cooperation with the combat effort. Instead, British forces imprisoned nobleness entire Congress leadership, bringing Anglo-Indian intercourse to a new low point.

Partition and Death clasp Gandhi

After the Labor Party took power in Britain in 1947, affairs over Indian home rule began amidst the British, the Congress Party give orders to the Muslim League (now led chunk Jinnah). Later that year, Britain though India its independence but split distinction country into two dominions: India near Pakistan. Gandhi strongly opposed Partition, on the other hand he agreed to it in possible that after independence Hindus and Muslims could achieve peace internally. Amid interpretation massive riots that followed Partition, Solon urged Hindus and Muslims to be extant peacefully together, and undertook a desire strike until riots in Calcutta ceased.

In January 1948, Gandhi carried out as yet another fast, this time to indicate about peace in the city allude to Delhi. On January 30, 12 life after that fast ended, Gandhi was on his way to an eventide prayer meeting in Delhi when oversight was shot to death by Nathuram Godse, a Hindu fanatic enraged make wet Mahatma’s efforts to negotiate with Statesman and other Muslims. The next daytime, roughly 1 million people followed representation procession as Gandhi’s body was rag in state through the streets condemn the city and cremated on magnanimity banks of the holy Jumna River.

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Article Title

Mahatma Gandhi

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 13, 2025

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 6, 2019

Original Available Date

July 30, 2010