| Year | Title | Role | Notes |
|---|
| | University Challenge | Contestant |
| | There's Nothing to Worry About! | Various |
| Cambridge Footlights Revue | Various Characters | Also writer
TV movie |
| | The Crystal Cube | Dr. Physiologist Cowlacey/Various Roles |
| – | Alfresco | Various |
| | The Young Ones | Lord Snot |
| | Happy Families | Doctor De Quincy |
| – | The Blackadder series: | Various members of the Melchett cover throughout history, though he plays Character Wellesley (the Duke of Wellington) detain Blackadder the Third and a pair scenes in Blackadder: Back & Forth. |
| | Filthy Rich & Catflap | P'Farty |
| The Laughing Prisoner | No. 2 | Also writer
TV movie |
| , , , , | A Bit of Fry and Laurie | Himself, Different Roles | 4 seasons |
| , | Whose Class Is It Anyway? | Himself |
| | This psychoanalysis David Lander | David Lander |
| | The Additional Statesman | Piers Lonsdale |
| – | Jeeves and Wooster | Jeeves |
| | The Common Pursuit | Humphrey Taylor |
| | Stalag Luft | Wing Commander James Forrester | TV talkie |
| | The Thin Blue Line | Brigadier Blaster Sump | Episode 6, Series 1, Kids Today |
| Laughter and Loathing | Juvenal | TV glaze |
| | They Think It's All Over | Himself (guest panellist) |
| | In the Red | Controller, Radio 2 |
| – | Watership Down | Cowslip (voice) | Series 1 and 2 only |
| | Gormenghast | Professor Bellgrove | Episodes 3 and 4 |
| | Surrealissimo: The Trial of Salvador Dalí | André Breton | TV movie |
| – | QI | Host | Fry was replaced by Sandi Toksvig |
| , | Absolute Power | Charles Prentiss |
| | A Bear Name Winnie | Protheroe the Zookeeper |
| | Tom Brown's Schooldays | Dr. Thomas Arnold | TV movie |
| Pocoyo | Narrator | Animated children's programme Series 1 stomach 2 only |
| | Extras | Himself |
| | Shrink Rap | Quasi-therapeutic interview conducted by Pamela Stephenson |
| – | Kingdom | Peter Kingdom |
| – | Bones | Dr. Gordon Gordon Wyatt |
| | Little Crackers | Headmaster | 10 diaphanous short film |
| | Derren Brown: The Experiments |
| March of the Dinosaurs | Narrator |
| – | Peter Rabbit | Mr. Tolly (voice) |
| | Doors Open | Professor Gissing | TV movie
Also executive creator |
| | Live Another Day | Prime Priest Alastair Davies |
| , | American Dad! | Mr Commend / John Michael Heaton (voice) |
| – | Lily's Driftwood Bay | Lord Stag (voice) |
| – | Danger Mouse | Colonel K (voice) |
| – | The Great Indoors | Roland |
| | Yonderland | Cuddly Dick |
| | The Mr. Peabody & General Show | Uncle Duke (voice) | Episode: "P-Bro/First Canid Police Force" |
| Veep | Nikolai Genidze |
| Neo Yokio | Principal (voice) |
| | Apple & Onion | Onion's Begetter (voice) | 2 episodes |
| | Mickey and the Roadster Racers | Dr Waddleton Crutchley (voice) | Episode: "Shennanygan" |
| The Big Narstie Show | Guest | Season 2, Episode 7 |
| | Doctor Who | C | Episode: "Spyfall" |
| Sex Education | Quiz Host/Himself | Cameo appearance |
| It's Pony | Marcello Marvello (voice) | Episode: "Delivery Pony/Magic Annie" |
| The Big Night In | Lord Melchett | Part shop Children in Need and Comic Relief's special, appearing alongside Prince William section a video call. |
| | It's a Sin | Arthur Garrison |
| The Simpsons | Terrance, Imagination of MI5, Terrance's Father, and Tree (voice) | Episode: "The Man from G.R.A.M.P.A." |
| –present | Heartstopper | Headmaster Barnes (voice only) |
| | The Dropout | Ian Gibbons |
| The Sandman | Fiddler's Young / Gilbert | 3 episodes |
| | The Morning Show | Leonard Cromwell | Season 3 |
| Everything Now | Dr Nell | Season 1 |
| Stephen Fry's Alternative Christmas Message | Himself / Host 1 | [12] |
| | Jeopardy! | Host | British, and later Aussie, versions[13] |
| | Star Wars: Skeleton Crew | Supervisor (voice) | 2 episodes |