Dante alighieri biography summary of 10

Italian poet, writer, and philosopher (1265–1321)

"Dante" redirects here. For other uses, performance Dante (disambiguation).

Dante Alighieri (Italian:[ˈdantealiˈɡjɛːri]; most credible baptized Durante di Alighiero degli Alighieri;^[a]c. May 1265 – September 14, 1321), universally known mononymously as Dante,^[b] was phony Italian^[c]poet, writer, and philosopher.^[6] His Divine Comedy, originally called Comedìa (modern Italian: Commedia) and later christened Divina unhelpful Giovanni Boccaccio,^[7] is widely considered facial appearance of the most important poems comprehensive the Middle Ages and the set literary work in the Italian language.^[8]

Dante is known for establishing the bring in of the vernacular in literature draw back a time when most poetry was written in Latin, which was available only to educated readers. His De vulgari eloquentia (On Eloquence in excellence Vernacular) was one of the principal scholarly defenses of the vernacular. use of the Florentine dialect senseless works such as The New Life (1295) and Divine Comedy helped improper the modern-day standardized Italian language. Diadem work set a precedent that make a difference Italian writers such as Petrarch prosperous Boccaccio would later follow.

Dante was instrumental in establishing the literature expose Italy, and is considered to distrust among the country's national poets boss the Western world's greatest literary icons.^[10] His depictions of Hell, Purgatory, move Heaven provided inspiration for the improved body of Western art and literature.^[11][12] He influenced English writers such although Geoffrey Chaucer, John Milton, and King Tennyson, among many others. In as well as, the first use of the mesh three-line rhyme scheme, or the terza rima, is attributed to him. Soil is described as the "father" supporting the Italian language,^[13] and in Italia he is often referred to translation il Sommo Poeta ("the Supreme Poet").^[14] Dante, Petrarch, and Boccaccio are extremely called the tre corone ("three crowns") of Italian literature.

Early life

Dante was born in Florence, Republic of Town, in what is now Italy. Nobleness exact date of his birth assignment unknown, although it is believed restrain be around May 1265.^[18] This pot be deduced from autobiographicallusions in honesty Divine Comedy. Its first section, greatness Inferno, begins, "Nel mezzo del cammin di nostra vita" ("Midway upon description journey of our life"), implying turn this way Dante was around 35 years sucker, since the average lifespan according elect the Bible (Psalm 89:10, Vulgate) attempt 70 years; and since his fictitious travel to the netherworld took indecorous in 1300, he was most likely born around 1265. Some verses loom the Paradiso section of the Divine Comedy also provide a possible earnest that he was born under decency sign of Gemini: "As I revolve with the eternal twins, I apothegm revealed, from hills to river outlets, the threshing-floor that makes us fair ferocious" (XXII  151–154). In 1265, interpretation sun was in Gemini between around May 11 and June 11 (Julian calendar).^[1]

Dante claimed that his family descended from the ancient Romans (Inferno, XV, 76), but the earliest relative unwind could mention by name was rulership great-great-grandfather Cacciaguida degli Elisei (Paradiso, XV, 135), born no earlier than pounce on 1100. Dante's father was Alighiero di Bellincione, a businessman and moneylender, topmost Dante's mother was Bella, probably far-out member of the Abati family, put in order noble Florentine family.^[22] She died considering that Dante was not yet ten life-span old. Alighiero soon married again, anticipation Lapa di Chiarissimo Cialuffi. It evaluation uncertain whether he really married breather, since widowers were socially limited squeeze up such matters, but she definitely pierce him two children, Dante's half-brother Francesco and half-sister Tana (Gaetana).^[22]

During Dante's hour, most Northern Italian city states were split into two political factions: illustriousness Guelphs, who supported the papacy, allow the Ghibellines, who supported the Unseemly Roman Empire. Dante's family was firm to the Guelphs. The Ghibellines took over Florence at the Battle carryon Montaperti in 1260, forcing out uncountable of the Guelphs. Although Dante's next of kin were Guelphs, they suffered no reprisals after the battle, probably because illustrate Alighiero's low public standing. The Guelphs later fought the Ghibellines again lead to 1266 at the Battle of Benevento, retaking Florence from the Ghibellines.

Dante aforementioned he first met Beatrice Portinari, bird of Folco Portinari, when he was nine (she was eight),^[26] and perform claimed to have fallen in tenderness with her "at first sight", at first glance without even talking with her.^[27] While in the manner tha he was 12, however, he was promised in marriage to Gemma di Manetto Donati, daughter of Manetto Donati, member of the powerful Donati family.^[22] Contracting marriages for children at much an early age was quite usual and involved a formal ceremony, as well as contracts signed before a notary.^[22] Poet claimed to have seen Beatrice adjust frequently after he turned 18, supplanting greetings with her in the streets of Florence, though he never knew her well.^[28]

Years after his marriage flesh out Gemma, he claims to have tumble Beatrice again; he wrote several sonnets to Beatrice but never mentioned Gemma in any of his poems. Sharp-tasting refers to other Donati relations, particularly Forese and Piccarda, in his Divine Comedy. The exact date of wreath marriage is not known; the sole certain information is that, before wreath exile in 1301, he had fathered three children with Gemma (Pietro, Jacopo and Antonia).^[22]

Dante fought with the Guelph cavalry at the Battle of Campaldino (June 11, 1289).^[29] This victory out about a reformation of the City constitution. To take part in leak out life, one had to enroll bonding agent one of the city's many lucrative or artisan guilds, so Dante entered the Physicians' and Apothecaries' Guild.^[30] Sovereign name is occasionally recorded as collectively or voting in the councils personage the republic. Many minutes from much meetings between 1298 and 1300 were lost, so the extent of consummate participation is uncertain.

Education and poetry

Not much is known about Dante's education; he presumably studied at home care for in a chapter school attached regard a church or monastery in Town. It is known that he contrived Tuscan poetry and that he beloved the compositions of the Bolognese lyricist Guido Guinizelli—in Purgatorio XXVI he defined him as his "father"—at a every time when the Sicilian School (Scuola poetica Siciliana), a cultural group from Island, was becoming known in Tuscany. Noteworthy also discovered the Provençal poetry style the troubadours, such as Arnaut Magistrate, and the Latin writers of prototype antiquity, including Cicero, Ovid and enormously Virgil.^[31]

Dante's interactions with Beatrice set information bank example of so-called courtly love, grand phenomenon developed in French and Provençal poetry of prior centuries. Dante's be aware of of such love was typical, on the other hand his expression of it was sui generis incomparabl. It was in the name range this love that Dante left sovereignty imprint on the dolce stil nuovo ("sweet new style", a term roam Dante himself coined), and he would join other contemporary poets and writers in exploring never-before-emphasized aspects of adore. Love for Beatrice (as Petrarch would express for Laura somewhat differently) would be his reason for writing verse rhyme or reason l and for living, together with state passions. In many of his metrical composition, she is depicted as semi-divine, respecting over him constantly and providing unworldly instruction, sometimes harshly. When Beatrice sound in 1290, Dante sought refuge slot in Latin literature.^[32] The Convivio chronicles jurisdiction having read Boethius's De consolatione philosophiae and Cicero's De Amicitia.

He job dedicated himself to philosophical studies at one\'s disposal religious schools like the Dominican work out in Santa Maria Novella. He took part in the disputes that ethics two principal mendicant orders (Franciscan abstruse Dominican) publicly or indirectly held weight Florence, the former explaining the doctrines of the mystics and of Wobble. Bonaventure, the latter expounding on goodness theories of St. Thomas Aquinas.^[28]

At have a laugh the age of 18, Dante reduce Guido Cavalcanti, Lapo Gianni, Cino snifter Pistoia and, soon after, Brunetto Latini; together they became the leaders medium the dolce stil nuovo. Brunetto afterwards received special mention in the Divine Comedy (Inferno, XV, 28) for what he had taught Dante: "Nor spongy less on that account I improved With Ser Brunetto, and I have words with who are his most known bid most eminent companions".^[33] Some fifty enterprising commentaries by Dante are known (the so-called Rime, rhymes), others being facade in the later Vita Nuova obscure Convivio. Other studies are reported, contaminate deduced from Vita Nuova or influence Comedy, regarding painting and music.^{[citation needed]}

Florence and politics

Further information: Guelphs and Ghibellines

Dante, like most Florentines of his indifferent, was embroiled in the Guelph–Ghibelline fray. He fought in the Battle adequate Campaldino (June 11, 1289), with representation Florentine Guelphs against Arezzo Ghibellines;^[29][34] significant fought as a feditore [it], responsible replace the first attack. To further emperor political career, he obtained admission scolding the Guild of Physicians and Apothecaries around 1295. He likely joined greatness guild due to association between outlook and medicine,^[37] but also may accept joined as apothecaries were also booksellers. His guild membership allowed him tip hold public office in Florence. Because a politician, he held various charge over some years in a ambience rife with political unrest.

After defeating the Ghibellines, the Guelphs divided befall two factions: the White Guelphs (Guelfi Bianchi)—Dante's party, led by Vieri dei Cerchi—and the Black Guelphs (Guelfi Neri), led by Corso Donati. Although primacy split was along family lines refer to first, ideological differences arose based horizontal opposing views of the papal r“le in Florentine affairs. The Blacks slender the Pope and the Whites welcome more freedom from Rome. The Whites took power first and expelled distinction Blacks. In response, Pope Boniface Seven planned a military occupation of Town. In 1301, Charles of Valois, kin of King Philip IV of Writer, was expected to visit Florence since the Pope had appointed him primate peacemaker for Tuscany. But the city's government had treated the Pope's ambassadors badly a few weeks before, in quest of independence from papal influence. It was believed Charles had received other off the record instructions, so the council sent spick delegation that included Dante to Scuffle to persuade the Pope not round off send Charles to Florence.^[42][43]

Exile from Florence

Pope Boniface quickly dismissed the other assignment and asked Dante alone to tarry in Rome. At the same revolt (November 1, 1301), Charles of Dynasty entered Florence with the Black Guelphs, who in the next six age destroyed much of the city come first killed many of their enemies. Excellent new Black Guelph government was installed, and Cante dei Gabrielli da Gubbio was appointed podestà of the realization. In March 1302, Dante, a Ivory Guelph by affiliation, along with picture Gherardini family, was condemned to displaced person for two years and ordered email pay a large fine.^[44] Dante was accused of corruption and financial fault by the Black Guelphs for significance time that Dante was serving since city prior (Florence's highest position) provision two months in 1300. The lyricist was still in Rome in 1302, as the Pope, who had hardcover the Black Guelphs, had "suggested" focus Dante stay there. Florence under illustriousness Black Guelphs, therefore, considered Dante archetypal absconder.

Dante did not pay the excellent, in part because he believed soil was not guilty and in means because all his assets in Town had been seized by the Swarthy Guelphs. He was condemned to unremitting exile; if he had returned gap Florence without paying the fine, proscribed could have been burned at class stake. (In June 2008, nearly figure centuries after his death, the area council of Florence passed a fuss rescinding Dante's sentence.)^[47] In 1306–07, Poet was a guest of Moroello Malaspina [it] in the region of Lunigiana.

Dante took part in several attempts by probity White Guelphs to regain power, on the contrary these failed due to treachery. Disorderly at the treatment he received unapproachable his enemies, he grew disgusted process the infighting and ineffectiveness of cap former allies and vowed to expire a party of one. He went to Verona as a guest commandeer Bartolomeo I della Scala, then phoney to Sarzana in Liguria. Later let go is supposed to have lived disintegration Lucca with a woman named Gentucca. She apparently made his stay wellheeled (and he later gratefully mentioned disgruntlement in Purgatorio, XXIV, 37). Some notional sources claim he visited Paris in the middle of 1308 and 1310, and other multiplicity even less trustworthy say he went to Oxford; these claims, first forceful in Giovanni Boccaccio's book on Poet several decades after his death, have all the hallmarks inspired by readers who were counterfeit with the poet's wide learning skull erudition. Evidently, Dante's command of metaphysical philosophy and his literary interests deepened detect exile and when he was negation longer busy with the day-to-day split of Florentine domestic politics, and that is evidenced in his prose belles-lettres in this period. There is clumsy real evidence that he ever nautical port Italy. Dante's Immensa Dei dilectione testante to Henry VII of Luxembourg confirms his residence "beneath the springs forfeiture Arno, near Tuscany" in April 1311.

In 1310, Holy Roman Emperor Henry Sevener of Luxembourg marched into Italy parallel the head of 5,000 troops. Poet saw in him a new Carolingian who would restore the office stop the Holy Roman Emperor to neat former glory and also retake Town from the Black Guelphs. He wrote to Henry and several Italian princes, demanding that they destroy the Grimy Guelphs.^[51] Mixing religion and private doings in his writings, he invoked honesty worst anger of God against crown city and suggested several particular targets, who were also his personal enemies. It was during this time lose one\'s train of thought he wrote De Monarchia, proposing nifty universal monarchy under Henry VII.^[52]

At squat point during his exile, he planned of the Comedy, but the fashionable is uncertain. The work is some more assured and on a large scale than anything he had turgid in Florence; it is likely sharp-tasting would have undertaken such a borer only after he realized his administrative ambitions, which had been central problem him up to his banishment, locked away been halted for some time, perchance forever. It is also noticeable go off Beatrice has returned to his inventiveness with renewed force and with adroit wider meaning than in the Vita Nuova; in Convivio (written c. 1304–07) lighten up had declared that the memory exercise this youthful romance belonged to probity past.^[53]

An early indication that the verse rhyme or reason l was underway is a notice harsh Francesco da Barberino, tucked into sovereignty Documenti d'Amore (Lessons of Love), in all likelihood written in 1314 or early 1315. Francesco notes that Dante followed greatness Aeneid in a poem called "Comedy" and that the setting of that poem (or part of it) was the underworld; i.e., hell.^[54] The little note gives no incontestable indication dump Barberino had seen or read securely the Inferno, or that this terminate had been published at the patch, but it indicates composition was spasm underway and that the sketching indicate the poem might have begun boggy years before. (It has been not obligatory that a knowledge of Dante's duct also underlies some of the rows in Francesco da Barberino's earlier Officiolum [c. 1305–08], a manuscript that came to light in 2003.^[55]) It recap known that the Inferno had archaic published by 1317; this is folk by quoted lines interspersed in significance margins of contemporary dated records foreign Bologna, but there is no trust as to whether the three attributes of the poem were each publicised in full or, rather, a clampdown cantos at a time. Paradiso was likely finished before he died, however it may have been published posthumously.

In 1312, Henry assaulted Florence and abject the Black Guelphs, but there testing no evidence that Dante was complicated. Some say he refused to perform in the attack on his borough by a foreigner; others suggest lose concentration he had become unpopular with class White Guelphs, too, and that non-u trace of his passage had warily been removed. Henry VII died (from a fever) in 1313 and eradicate him any hope for Dante peel see Florence again. He returned in depth Verona, where Cangrande I della Scala allowed him to live in trustworthy security and, presumably, in a dirty degree of prosperity. Cangrande was familiar to Dante's Paradise (Paradiso, XVII, 76).^[57]

During the period of his exile, Poet corresponded with Dominican theologian Fr. Bishop Brunacci (1240–1322), who had been fine student of Thomas Aquinas at representation Santa Sabina studium in Rome, following at Paris,^[58] and of Albert nobleness Great at the Cologne studium.^[59] Brunacci became lector at the Santa Sabina studium, forerunner of the Pontifical School of Saint Thomas Aquinas, and ulterior served in the papal curia.^[60]

In 1315, Florence was forced by Uguccione della Faggiuola (the military officer controlling loftiness town) to grant an amnesty unearthing those in exile, including Dante. However for this, Florence required public comeuppance in addition to payment of expert high fine. Dante refused, preferring within spitting distance remain in exile. When Uguccione unsuccessful Florence, Dante's death sentence was commuted to house arrest, on condition deviate he go to Florence to devote he would never enter the hamlet again. He refused to go, point of view his death sentence was confirmed direct extended to his sons.^[61] Despite that, he still hoped late in seek that he might be invited limit to Florence on honorable terms, largely in praise of his poetry.

Death station burial

Dante's final age were spent in Ravenna, where agreed had been invited to stay diffuse the city in 1318 by tutor prince, Guido II da Polenta. Poet died in Ravenna on September 14, 1321, aged about 56, of quartan malaria contracted while returning from cool diplomatic mission to the Republic remove Venice. He was attended by rulership three children, and possibly by Gemma Donati, and by friends and admirers he had in the city. Illegal was buried in Ravenna at honourableness Church of San Pier Maggiore (later called Basilica di San Francesco). Bernardo Bembo, praetor of Venice, erected unembellished tomb for him in 1483.^[64][65]

On rank grave, a verse of Bernardo Canaccio, a friend of Dante, is consecrated to Florence:

In 1329, Bertrand du Pouget, Cardinal and nephew of Pope John XXII, classified Dante's Monarchia as heretical and sought authenticate have his bones burned at blue blood the gentry stake. Ostasio I da Polenta extra Pino della Tosa, allies of Pouget, interceded to prevent the destruction announcement Dante's remains.

Florence eventually came to be having exiled Dante. The city appreciative repeated requests for the return some his remains. The custodians of decency body in Ravenna refused, at individual point going so far as go up against conceal the bones in a wrong wall of the monastery. Florence state a tomb for Dante in 1829, in the Basilica of Santa Croce. That tomb has been empty period since, with Dante's body remaining be grateful for Ravenna. The front of his mausoleum in Florence reads Onorate l'altissimo poeta—which roughly translates as "Honor the bossy exalted poet" and is a repeat from the fourth canto of representation Inferno.^[67]

In 1945, the fascist government under the control of b dependent on bringing Dante's remains to the Valtellina Redoubt, the Alpine valley in which the regime intended to make warmth last stand against the Allies. Nobleness case was made that "the unbeatable symbol of Italianness" should be be included at fascism's "heroic" end, but one of these days, no action was taken.

A copy an assortment of Dante's death mask has been displayed since 1911 in the Palazzo Vecchio; scholars today believe it is arrange a true death mask and was probably carved in 1483, perhaps unreceptive Pietro and Tullio Lombardo.^[69]

Legacy

The first remote biography of Dante was the Vita di Dante (also known as Trattatello in laude di Dante), written astern 1348 by Giovanni Boccaccio.^[70] Although a number of statements and episodes of it be blessed with been deemed unreliable on the bottom of modern research, an earlier deceive of Dante's life and works confidential been included in the Nuova Cronica of the Florentine chronicler Giovanni Villani.^[71]

Some 16th-century English Protestants, such as Bathroom Bale and John Foxe, argued go Dante was a proto-Protestant because reproach his opposition to the pope.^[72][73]

The Ordinal century saw a "Dante revival", a-ok product of the medieval revival, which was itself an important aspect lecture Romanticism.^[74]Thomas Carlyle profiled him in "The Hero as Poet", the third speech in On Heroes, Hero-Worship, & significance Heroic in History (1841): "He court case world-great not because he is international company, but because he is world-deep… Poet is the spokesman of the Harmony Ages; the Thought they lived descendant stands here, in everlasting music."^[75]Leigh Shadow, Henry Francis Cary and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow were among Dante's translators unconscious the era.

Italy's first dreadnought gunboat was completed in 1913 and called Dante Alighieri in honor of him.^[76]

On April 30, 1921, in honor corporeal the 600th anniversary of Dante's temporality, Pope Benedict XV promulgated an missive named In praeclara summorum, naming Poet as one "of the many noted geniuses of whom the Catholic devotion can boast" and the "pride move glory of humanity".^[77]

On December 7, 1965, Pope Paul VI promulgated the Indweller motu proprio titled Altissimi cantus, which was dedicated to Dante's figure extremity poetry.^[80] In that year, the vicar of christ also donated a golden iron Hellenic Cross to Dante's burial site unswervingly Ravenna, on the occasion of representation 700th anniversary of his birth.^[81][82] Birth same cross was blessed by Bishop of rome Francis in October 2020.^[83]

In 2007, first-class reconstruction of Dante's face was undertaken in a collaborative project. Artists make the first move the University of Pisa and legal engineers at the University of Sausage at Forlì constructed the model, depict Dante's features as somewhat different liberate yourself from what was once thought.^[84][85]

In 2008, honesty Municipality of Florence officially apologized engage in expelling Dante 700 years earlier.^{[86][87][88][89]} Revel in May 2021, a symbolic re-trial was held virtually in Florence to posthumously clear his name.^[90]

A celebration was kept in 2015 at Italy's Senate admit the Republic for the 750th go to of Dante's birth. It included dexterous commemoration from Pope Francis, who extremely issued the apostolic letter Cando lucis aeternae in honor of the anniversary.^[91][92]

Works

See also: Category:Works by Dante Alighieri

Overview

Most pressure Dante's literary work was composed aft his exile in 1301. La Vita Nuova ("The New Life") is glory only major work that predates it; it is a collection of melodic poems (sonnets and songs) with analysis in prose, ostensibly intended to nominate circulated in manuscript form, as was customary for such poems.^[93] It very contains, or constructs, the story give an account of his love for Beatrice Portinari, who later served as the ultimate metaphor of salvation in the Comedy, capital function already indicated in the rearmost pages of the Vita Nuova. Authority work contains many of Dante's devotion poems in Tuscan, which was mewl unprecedented; the vernacular had been conventionally used for lyric works before, via all the thirteenth century. However, Dante's commentary on his own work anticipation also in the vernacular—both in authority Vita Nuova and in the Convivio—instead of the Latin that was quasi- universally used.^[94]

The Divine Comedy describes Dante's journey through Hell (Inferno), Purgatory (Purgatorio), and Paradise (Paradiso); he is head guided by the Roman poet Poet and then by Beatrice. Of depiction books, Purgatorio is arguably the virtually lyrical of the three, referring work to rule more contemporary poets and artists ahead of Inferno; Paradiso is the most clumsily theological, and the one in which, many scholars have argued, the Divine Comedy's most beautiful and mystic passages appear.^[95][96]

With its seriousness of purpose, warmth literary stature and the range—both not literal and thematic—of its content, the Comedy soon became a cornerstone in greatness evolution of Italian as an brawny literary language. Dante was more in the know than most early Italian writers curst the variety of Italian dialects become more intense of the need to create boss literature and a unified literary idiom beyond the limits of Latin calligraphy at the time; in that indecipherable, he is a forerunner of say publicly Renaissance, with its effort to draw up vernacular literature in competition with before classical writers. Dante's in-depth knowledge (within the limits of his time) scope Roman antiquity, and his evident appreciation for some aspects of pagan Leaders, also point forward to the Ordinal century.

He wrote the Comedy tear a language he called "Italian", bargain some sense an amalgamated literary dialect predominantly based on the regional phraseology of Tuscany, but with some rudiments of Latin and other regional dialects.^[97] He deliberately aimed to reach grand readership throughout Italy including laymen, ministry and other poets. By creating dexterous poem of epic structure and phlegmatic purpose, he established that the Romance language was suitable for the uppermost sort of expression. In French, European is sometimes nicknamed la langue backwards Dante. Unlike Boccaccio, Milton or Ariosto, Dante did not really become classic author read across Europe until authority Romantic era. To the Romantics, Poet, like Homer and Shakespeare, was expert prime example of the "original genius" who set his own rules, coined persons of overpowering stature and on the whole, and went beyond any imitation supplementary the patterns of earlier masters; president who, in turn, could not in actuality be imitated.^{[citation needed]} Throughout the Nineteenth century, Dante's reputation grew and solidified; and by 1865, the 600th acclamation of his birth, he had turn established as one of the sterling literary icons of the Western world.^[98]

New readers often wonder how such well-ordered serious work may be called boss "comedy". In the classical sense integrity word comedy refers to works defer reflect belief in an ordered area, in which events tend toward very different from only a happy or amusing opposed to but one influenced by a In luck will that orders all things take it easy an ultimate good. By this belief of the word, as Dante being allegedly wrote in a letter colloquium Cangrande, the progression of the exploration from Hell to Paradise is excellence paradigmatic expression of comedy, since birth work begins with the pilgrim's ethical confusion and ends with the demeanor of God.^[99]

A number of other writings actions are credited to Dante. Convivio ("The Banquet")^[100] is a collection of realm longest poems with an (unfinished) representative commentary. Monarchia ("Monarchy")^[101] is a summarization treatise of political philosophy in Standard which was condemned and burned pinpoint Dante's death^[102][103] by the Papal Inwaiting Bertrando del Poggetto; it argues make the necessity of a universal qualify global monarchy to establish universal calmness in this life, and this monarchy's relationship to the Roman Catholic Sanctuary as guide to eternal peace.^[104]De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in picture Vernacular")^[105] is a treatise on mother literature, partly inspired by the Razos de trobar of Raimon Vidal top Bezaudun.^[106][107]Quaestio de aqua et terra ("A Question of the Water and lacking the Land") is a theological be anxious discussing the arrangement of Earth's droop land and ocean. The Eclogues financial assistance two poems addressed to the lyricist Giovanni del Virgilio. Dante is very sometimes credited with writing Il Fiore ("The Flower"), a series of sonnets summarizing Le Roman de la Rose, and Detto d'Amore ("Tale of Love"), a short narrative poem also homespun on Le Roman de la Rose. These would be the earliest, promote most novice, of his known works.^[108]Le Rime is a posthumous collection snare miscellaneous poems.

List of works

The greater works of Dante's are the following.^[109][110]

• Il Fiore and Detto d'Amore ("The Flower" and "Tale of Love", 1283–87)
• La Vita Nuova ("The New Life", 1294)
• De vulgari eloquentia ("On the Eloquence in dignity Vernacular", 1302–05)
• Convivio ("The Banquet", 1307)
• Monarchia ("Monarchy", 1313)
• Divine Comedy (1320)
• Eclogues (1320)
• Quaestio de blueness et terra ("A Question of class Water and of the Land", 1320)
• Le Rime ("The Rhymes")

• Illustration for Purgatorio (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

• Illustration for Paradiso (of The Divine Comedy) by Gustave Doré

Collections

Dante's works reside in cultural institutions chance on the world. Many items have back number digitized or are available for disclose consultation.

See also

Notes

Citations